Main progress and prospect for China's hydrogeological survey          下载免费PDF全文

WU Ai-min  HAO Ai-bing  GUO Hai-peng  LIU Jing-tao  ZHANG Er-yong  WANG Huang  WANG Xin-feng  WEN Xue-ru  ZHANG Cui-guang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):195-209

This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.  相似文献   

华北克拉通南缘石炭系本溪组铁-铝黏土矿物质来源: 以河南三门峡大安铝黏土矿床为例^*          下载免费PDF全文

刘学飞  王庆飞  马遥  李中明  赵利华  周智慧  刘百顺  马欣莉 《古地理学报》2020,22(5):965-976

华北克拉通在中奥陶世至晚石炭世期间一直出露地表,经历了长期的风化作用,形成大规模的铁-铝黏土矿,其成矿物源一直是研究的热点,尤其是本溪组底部铁矿和铁质黏土矿与上部铝黏土矿是否为同一来源尚未查清。本研究选取克拉通南缘大安铝黏土矿床作为研究对象,展开微区矿物及元素地球化学组成分析,进一步探讨铁-铝黏土矿物质来源。大安矿床内含矿岩系自下而上包括铁质黏土岩、铝土矿、铝质黏土矿;局部喀斯特高地缺失铝土矿,铝质黏土矿直接覆盖于铁质黏土岩之上。铁质黏土岩在洼地以菱铁矿、黄铁矿和伊利石为主,在隆起区以赤铁矿、伊利石和高岭石为主。铝土矿以硬水铝石、伊利石和锐钛矿为主;铝质黏土矿主要矿物为伊利石。矿物微区分析在黏土矿底部发现大量的碳化硅和少量自然硅、硅铁矿、铬铁矿;区域对比揭示北秦岭造山带内商丹缝合带和二郎坪群中的蛇绿岩为铝黏土矿形成提供了成矿物质。本溪组底部铁质黏土与上部铝黏土矿稳定元素比率(例如Zr/TiO₂、Hf/TiO₂、Nb/TiO₂、Ta/TiO₂)存在明显差异,揭示二者为不同来源: 底部铁质黏土岩和铁矿层为底板碳酸盐岩原地风化的产物;而上部铝黏土矿是异地搬运物,北秦岭造山带在晚石炭世的整体抬升为华北铝黏土矿形成提供了重要的成矿物质。  相似文献   

A motion planning algorithm for the feed support system of FAST     

姚蕊  姜鹏  孙京海  于东俊  孙纯 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2020,(5):117-126

The paper relates to a motion planning algorithm for the feed support system of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST).To enhance the stability of the feed support system,the start/termination planning segments are adopted with an acceleration and deceleration section.The source switching planning adopts a combination of a line segment and focal segment to realize stable control of the feed support system.Besides,during the observation trajectory,a transition segment which is not used for observation data is planned with a required time.Through an example simulation,a smooth change is realized via the motion planning algorithm and presented in this paper.  相似文献   

智能卡和出租车轨迹数据中蕴含城市人群活动模式的差异性分析     

郑晓琳  刘启亮  刘文凯  吴智慧 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(6):1268-1281

当前采用交通流数据量化城市人群活动模式研究已经取得了丰硕的研究成果,但是对于同一区域、同一时段不同类型交通流数据反映城市人群活动模式的共性与差异性仍然知之甚少,直接影响了城市人群活动模式挖掘结果的可解释性与实际应用效果。为此,本文旨在对目前广泛采用的智能卡数据（公交和地铁刷卡）和出租车轨迹数据2种重要的交通流数据,从时空分布模式的差异性、行程距离及距离衰减效应的差异性、空间社团结构的差异性3个方面,探索二者反映城市人群活动模式的差异性：① 采用北京市六环以内区域2016年5月9日至15日的智能卡和出租车轨迹数据进行实验分析,研究发现：① 2种交通流反映出行需求的空间分布呈现出高度相关性,但是在同一空间单元上,2种交通流反映出行需求的时间相关性较低;② 2种交通流的使用率在不同空间位置存在明显差异,仅在城市中心区域使用率较为均衡;③ 2种交通流反映人群行程距离的空间分布、距离衰减效应存在明显差异,公共交通对于促进长距离出行更为重要;④ 从2种交通流发现的空间社团结构都显示了城市的多中心结构特征,但是二者发现社团结构存在的差异性表明两种交通方式对城市空间交互起着不同的作用。本研究有助于深入理解多源交通流反映城市人群活动的内在机理,提升城市人群活动模式在城市规划、交通管理等领域的应用效果。  相似文献   

2017年九寨沟M_S7.0地震对周围地区的静态应力影响          下载免费PDF全文

靳志同  万永革  刘兆才  黄骥超  李瑶  杨帆 《地球物理学报》2019,62(4):1282-1299

基于九寨沟M_S7.0地震的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型，本文计算了该地震在周围主要活动断层上产生的库仑应力变化、在周围地区产生的应力场和位移场和同震库仑应力变化对余震的触发.结果表明：（1）九寨沟地震造成虎牙断裂中段库仑破裂应力有较大增加，已经超过0.01 MPa的阈值，虎牙断裂北段、塔藏断裂中段和岷江断裂北段北部的库仑破裂应力有较大降低，因此尤其要注意虎牙断裂中段的危险性.（2）水平面应力场在该地震震中东西两侧增加（拉张），张应力起主要作用.在震中南北两侧降低（压缩），压应力起主要作用.从水平主压和主张应力方向来看，均呈现出条形磁铁的磁场形态.从剖面上的应力场来看，在上盘的面膨胀区域内，大部分点的主张应力方向与地表是垂直的，在其他区域内，主张应力和主压应力均以震中为中心，向外呈辐射状.（3）从地表水平位移场来看，震中东西两侧物质朝震中位置汇聚，南北两侧物质向外流出，在震中处的最大水平位移量达43 mm.从地表垂直位移场来看，震中南北两侧出现明显的隆升，隆升最大值达56.8 mm.震中东西两侧出现明显的沉降，沉降最大值达74.5 mm.从剖面的位移场来看，九寨沟地震为左旋走滑地震，且有一定的正断成分.由分析可以推测该断层破裂在大致22~26 km的深度上就截止了.并推测下盘物质运动的动力来自震源北东东方向（四川块体）深度在6~30 km的下盘下层物质，上盘物质运动的动力来自震源北西西方向（巴颜喀拉块体）深度在0~6 km的上盘上层物质.（4）通过计算不同深度上主震对余震的触发作用可知，主震后的最大余震受到了主震的触发作用，多数其他余震也受到主震的触发作用.主震的发生促使了库仑应力增加地区余震的发生，抑制了一部分库仑应力减少地区余震的发生.  相似文献   

格尔木河水质现状及生态风险评估          下载免费PDF全文

李雷明  武君  徐娟  温小虎  闵秀云  郭效瑛  柴小丽  李廷伟 《盐湖研究》2019,27(1):89-98

为了解经济迅速发展背景下格尔木河流域水体中痕量元素分布、水环境质量现状和生态风险,对格尔木河9个采样点水样21种痕量元素的分布及相关性进行了分析,以Cu、Zn、Hg、Cd、Cr和Pb为目标重金属,评估了格尔木河水质现状及生态风险。结果表明:重金属Pb浓度在所有水样中均低于检出限,其它痕量元素浓度在0.001(Cd)～6297.013(Sr)μg·L~(-1)范围变化。根据相关性分析,推测格尔木河水体中Li、Sc、Ti、V、Cu、Ge、Rb、Sr、Mo、Cd来源可能相同。采样点水样6种重金属浓度均达到地表水环境质量I类的标准。采用5种方法评价了格尔木河水质现状,研究区水质处于无污染的理想状态。格尔木河重金属引发的潜在生态风险处于低风险水平(生态风险指数变化范围为0.35～0.68)。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the integrated multi-satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement over the Tibetan Plateau     

MA Lu  ZHAO Lin  TIAN Li-ming  YUAN Li-ming  XIAO Yao  ZHANG Le-le  ZOU De-fu  QIAO Yong-ping 《山地科学学报》2019,(7)

The availability of high-resolution satellite precipitation measurement products provides an opportunity to monitor precipitation over large and complex terrain and thus accurately evaluate the climatic, hydrological and ecological conditions in those regions. The Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM) mission is an important new program designed for global satellite precipitation estimation, but little information has been reported on the applicability of the GPM’s products for the Tibetan Plateau(TP). The object of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM(IMERG) Final Run product under different terrain and climate conditions over the TP by using 78 ground gauges from April 2014 to December 2017. The results showed the following:(1) the 3-year average daily precipitation estimation in the IMERG agrees well with the rain gauge observations(R~2=0.58, P0.01), and IMERG also has a considerable ability to detect precipitation, as indicated by a high probability of detection(78%-98%) and critical success index(65%-85%);(2) IMERG performed better at altitudes from 3000 m to 4000 m with a small relative bias(RB) of 6.4%. Precipitation change was not significantly affected by local relief;(3) the climate system of the TP was divided into four climate groups with a total of 12 climate types based on the K?ppen climate classification system, and IMERG performed well in all climate types with the exception of the arid-desert-cold climate(Bwk) type. Furthermore, although IMERG showed the potential to detect snowfall, it still exhibits deficiencies in identifying light and moderate snow. These results indicate that IMERG could provide more accurate precipitation data if its retrieval algorithm was improved for complex terrain and arid regions.  相似文献   

The difference in pollen harvest between Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in a Tibetan alpine meadow     

HU Lei  WU Xin-wei 《山地科学学报》2019,(7)

To explore the difference in pollen harvest between the western honey bee Apis mellifera and a native eastern honey bee A. cerana in the Zoige alpine meadows in the northeastern part of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau, we investigated species diversity of the harvested pollen and the amount of harvested pollen per bee for both species, and calculated the niche overlap(in terms of similarity in harvested pollen) between the two bee species during the flowering season from June to August 2016. Results showed that the species diversity of the harvested pollen was indistinguishable between the two bee species. Nevertheless, A. mellifera carried more(although not significant) pollens per bee than A.cerana. Moreover, pollen composition differed between the two bee species: A. mellifera mainly foraged on Anemone rivularis, Saussurea nigrescens and Anemone trullifolia, while A. cerana foraged on Anemone rivularis, Stellera chamaejasme, and Pedicularis longiflora. Consistently, the niche overlap between the two honeybee species was particularly small in several observations. Our results indicate a niche separation in pollen resource between the two honeybee species in a Tibetan alpine meadow.  相似文献   

海表面温度时空变异特征及对验证误差影响     

蒋锦刚  徐曜  聂晨晖  潘骁骏  周斌 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):336-348

海洋要素的变化存在明显的区域性和季节性的变化特性,本文选择海洋要素中最为突出的海表面温度(SST)要素作为主要分析参数,设计时空变异参数的计算指标,分析时空变异对验证误差影响的关系,通过研究及试验的数据精度验证,证明了时空变异是造成误差的直接原因之一。强烈的时空属性变异,在验证过程中会引入很大的验证误差,处于不同变异等级区划的数据,其验证结果相对误差可达13.08%,变异越剧烈的区域,精度验证效果越差,验证误差就越大,这些误差并非完全是遥感产品的误差,验证结果不具有代表性,不能真实的反映遥感产品的误差特征。对于SST等海洋遥感产品验证时,需要考虑时空变异对验证误差的影响和贡献,合理选择验证试验区域、代表性的评价数据集和科学的评价方法。  相似文献   

GNSS-R DDM波形仿真的时延与多普勒间隔研究     

夏俊明  吴学睿  白伟华  孙越强  骆黎明  杜起飞  王先毅  柳聪亮  孟祥广  赵丹阳  王迎强 《遥感学报》2019,23(3):456-463

DDM波形是GNSS-R技术用于反演地球物理参量的基本观测量,其仿真结果的可靠性直接影响GNSS-R的理论研究及项目工程参数设计。利用GREEPS仿真软件分析了时延间隔与多普勒间隔对DDM波形仿真结果可靠性的影响,得到了用于获取可靠DDM仿真波形的时延与多普勒间隔参数。研究表明,时延和多普勒间隔越小,DDM仿真波形与理论波形吻合度越高;当时延间隔取1/16个GPS L1 C/A码元、多普勒间隔取50 Hz时,DDM仿真波形与理论波形几乎完全吻合,二者的相关系数大于0.99;时延间隔对DDM仿真波形峰值位置的影响远大于对峰值信噪比的影响;而多普勒间隔对DDM仿真波形峰值位置与信噪比的影响相当。  相似文献